Dạng 1: Tính nhẩm, tính nhanh và tính hợp lý

a, 1340 – 994 = (1340+6) – (994+6) =1346– 1000 = 346

557 – 398 = (557+2) – (398+2) = 559 – 400 = 159

b, 125.56 = (125.8).(56:8) = 1000.7 = 7000

50.98 = (50.2).(98:2) = 100.49 = 4900

c, 400 : 25 = (400.4):(25.4) = 1600 : 100 = 16

12000 : 500 = (12000.2) : (500.2) = 24000 : 10000 = 24

d, 154 : 14 =(140+14):14= (140:14) + (14:14) = 10 + 1 = 11

84 : 7 =(70+14):7= (70:7) + (14:7) = 10 + 2 = 12

a) 815 – 23 – 77 +185 = (815 + 185) – (23+77) = 1000 – 100 = 900

b) 3145 – 246 + 2347 – 145 + 4246 – 347

= (3145-145) + (4246 – 246) + (2347 – 347)

= 3000 + 4000 + 2000 = 9000

c) (2018:1 – 2018.1):(2018.2008+2018.2002) = 0 : (2018.2008+2018.2002) = 0

d) (9 – 8 – 7 – 6 – … – 2 – 1).(500.9 – 250.18)

= (9 – 8 – 7 – 6 – … – 2 – 1).(500.9 – 250.2.9)

= (9 – 8 – 7 – 6 – … – 2 – 1).(500.9 – 500.9)

= (9 – 8 – 7 – 6 – … – 2 – 1).0 = 0

a) 40.113.25 – 20.112.50 = 40.25.113 – 20.50.112

= 1000.113 – 1000.112 = 1000(113 – 112) = 1000.1 = 1000

b) 27 + 27.5 + 27.7 – 27.2 = 27.(1 + 5 + 7 – 2) = 27.11 = 297

c) 754.75 – 25.2262 + 4568 = 754.75 – 25.3.754 + 4568

= 754.75 – 75.754 +4568 = 754.(75 – 75) + 4568 = 4568

a) 544544 – 444444 = 544.1001 – 444.1001 = 1001.(544 – 444) = 1001.100 = 100100

b) 131313 – 10101 – 20202 = 10101.13 – 10101 – 10101.2

= 10101.(13 – 1 – 2) = 10101.10 = 101010

a, 165:11.999 + 85.999 = 15.999 + 85.999 = (15+85).999 = 99900

b, 25.4 + 25:5 – 4.(30 – 5) – 5 = 25.4 + 25:5 – 4.25 – 5 = (25.4 – 4.25) + (25:5 – 5) = 0 + 0 = 0