Kỳ thi thử thpt quốc gia lần 1 năm 2019 môn Tiếng Anh cực hay có lời giải(Đề 12)

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 01

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 02

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 03

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 04

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 05

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 06

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 07

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 08

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 09

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer for each of the blanks from 1 to 10. Fill in the appropriate word in question 10

Education is more important today than ever before. It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) ______ as reading a newspaper or managing their money. It also gives them the specialized training they may need to (2) ______ for a job or career. For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a (3) ______ or certificate before he can practice law or medicine. Many fields, such as computer operation (4) ______ police work, require satisfactory completion of special training courses.

Education is also important (5) ______ it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. It helps them (6) ______ the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills (7) ______ to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument. Such education becomes (8) ______ important as people gain more and more leisure time.

Education also helps people adjust to change. This habit has become (9) ______ because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (10) ______ the skills for adjusting to them.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

What does the author say about speech?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

The phrase impinge upon in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

The word it in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

The word potential in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by ______.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

The word themselves in paragraph 1 refers to ______.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

sentence in paragraph 1 defines the function of a signal?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

The word intricate in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by which of the following?

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

Applauding was cited as an example of ______.

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 11 to 20.

Although speech is generally accepted as the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using words. In every known culture, signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are commonly utilized as instruments of communication. There is a great deal of agreement among communication scientists as to what each of these methods is and how each differs from the others. For instance, the basic function of any signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes that can be applied in a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication through these dots and dashes—short and long intervals as the circuit is broken—is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain agreed upon meaning; that is, they convey information in and of themselves. Two examples are the hexagonal red sign that conveys the meaning of stop, and the red and white swirled pole outside a shop that communicates the meaning of barber.

Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s culture perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. In other cultures, if done in unison, applauding can be a symbol of the audience’s discontent with the performance. Gestures such as weaving and handshaking also communicate certain culture messages.

Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they also have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used across long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

Why were the telephone, radio, and TV invented?